The Population of North Korea

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Contents

List of Tables—vi

List of Figures—viii

List of Maps—viii

Acronyms/ Abbreviations Used—ix

Preface—xi

Summary—xiii

Introduction—1

Key Findings—2

Background—3

Available Demographic Data on the DPRK—5

Overview of the Data—6

Faithfully Reported or Falsified?—8

Regional Population Distribution—13

Trends and Geographical Variations in Household Size—18

Urbanization—20

Migration—28

Total Population Size, Growth, and Sex Ratio—31

Elections as an Indicator of Total Population Size—35

Population and Party Membership—38

Age Structure—38

Vital Statistics and Rates—41

Mortality and Health—43

Expectation of Life at Birth—45

Crude Death Rates—50

Infant Mortality—50

Reported vs. Estimated Mortality Trends—52

Causes of Death—55

The Health Care System—58

The 1980s Marriage Boom—63

Fertility—66

Population Policy—69

North Korea—1990 Population Profile—72

Educational Attainment—75

Labor Force—79

"Missing Males": The Military Population—86

Conclusions—97

Appendix A: Modeling North Korean Population Dynamics—101

Appendix B: Data Accuracy and Completeness—113

Appendix C: North Korea 1990 Population Profile—117

Appendix D: Range of Estimates of DPRK Armed Forces—119

Notes—124

Works Frequently Cited—143

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