Tradition and Innovation Reflected in Japanese Material Culture: 日本の物質文化からみた伝統と革新

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Friday, February 28, 2025 | 1:00 - 5:30PM

Seaborg Room, The Faculty Club, UC Berkeley

This symposium will host interdisciplinary discussions on the traditions and innovations of Japanese material culture, with a focus on mingu (traditional everyday tools), porcelain, and lacquerware. In recent years, studies of material culture in North American anthropology and archaeology have actively explored the technological and aesthetic traditions of material culture, as well as the processes of change and innovation in relation to the discussion of traditional ecological knowledge and historical/cultural landscapes. Meanwhile, folklore studies in Japan have accumulated detailed analyses of the functions and forms of mingu as a key method for understanding the characteristics of regional cultures. These two approaches are complementary and offer opportunities for mutual enrichment. Furthermore, research on Japanese porcelain and lacquerware, which has traditionally focused on aesthetics and art history, is increasingly incorporating approaches from archaeology and history.

This symposium seeks to evaluate the strengths of these interdisciplinary approaches and explore future directions for the study of Japanese material culture. Additionally, it will examine the significance of the collection of Japanese mingu, porcelain, and lacquerware at the Hearst Museum of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley.

このシンポジウムでは、日本の近世から近代の民具や磁器、漆器を中心とする物質文化の伝統と革新について、学際的な議論を行う。北米人類学と考古学における近年の物質文化研究では、物質文化の技術的・美的な伝統を理解し、その変化・革新の過程を在来知や歴史的・文化的景観との関連で検討する動きが盛んである。一方、日本の民俗学では、地域文化の特徴を理解する重要な手法として、民具の機能や形態の詳細な分析が積み重ねられてきた。これら二つの研究動向は相互補完的であり、お互いに得るところが多い。さらに、従来は美学美術史における研究が中心だった日本の磁器や漆器について、近年では考古学や歴史学との学際的な研究が盛んであることも注目される。

今回のシンポジウムでは、これらの学際的な議論を通じて、日本の物質文化研究の長所と今後の展望について考えると共に、カリフォルニア大学バークレー校ハースト人類学博物館における、日本の民具・磁器・漆器コレクションの重要性についても検討する。

SCHEDULE

Session 1. Approaches from Anthropology and Japanese Folklore

1:00-1:15PM (PST) Junko HABU: Introduction
1:15-2:15 Yoshiharu KAMINO (Professor Emeritus, Musashino Art University)
Studies of Mingu: Traditional ”Indigenous" Objects in Everyday Life – A Case Study of Uke Fishing Traps (presentation in Japanese, interpreted by Beth Cary)
2:15-2:45 Kazunobu IKEYA (Professor Emeritus, National Museum of Ethnology)
Gathering and Transportation in the Japanese Archipelago: Linking Baskets and Ethnography
2:45-3:00 Q&A and Discussion
3:00-3:15 Break

Session 2. Approaches from Art History and Archaeology (tentative title)

3:15-3:45 Kazuyo NISHIHARA ( Adjunct Lecturer, Kyoto University)
Material Culture Studies in Dialogue: Mingu Collections and Archaeological Research on Japanese Basketry
3:45-4:15 Yuki MORISHIMA (Associate Curator of Japanese Art, Asian Art Museum)
4:15-4:45 Louise CORT (on Zoom; Curator Emerita for Ceramics at the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, the Smithsonian Institution)
4:45-5:00 Q&A and Discussion
5:00-5:25 General Discussion
5:25-5:40 Yusaku NAKABEPPU (Director, JSPS San Francisco Office): Concluding Remarks and JSPS Presentation

ABSTRACTS

Session 1

Studies of Mingu: Traditional ”Indigenous" Objects in Everyday Life – A Case Study of Uke Fishing Traps (presentation in Japanese, interpreted by Beth Cary)

 Yoshiharu KaminoProfessor EmeritusMusashino Art University

Abstract Pending

Gathering and Transportation in the Japanese Archipelago: Linking Baskets and Ethnography | 日本列島における採集と運搬-バスケットと民族誌をつなぐ―

Kazunobu IkeyaProfessor EmeritusNational Museum of Ethnologyy)

In the Japanese archipelago, baskets are known as woven containers made from various materials and in various shapes. In this report, I focus on gathering and transportation in the Japanese archipelago, and consider how baskets changed or remained the same in the process of human beings' transition from gathering to farming by grasping the relationship between gathering activities and baskets. Specifically, after presenting a theoretical framework based on the ethnography of contemporary hunter-gatherer and environmental managers, we will look at the regional characteristics of the shapes and materials of baskets in the Japanese archipelago, including the Ainu people of Hokkaido and the people of Okinawa. Then, by understanding the relationship between baskets and human activity in the ethnography that focuses on gathering and farming in mountain villages, I will consider the social significance of maintaining and changing basket traditions.

日本列島において様々な素材や形の「編まれた入れ物」としてのバスケットが知られている。本報告では、日本列島における採集と運搬に焦点を当てて、採集活動とバスケットとのかかわり方を把握することをとおして、人類の採集から農耕への過程でバスケットがどのように変わったのか変わらないのかを考察する。具体的には、現代に生きる狩猟採集民や環境管理民の民族誌から理論的枠組みを提示したあとに、北海道に暮らすアイヌから沖縄の人々を含む日本列島におけるバスケットの形や素材の地域性を展望する。そして、山村での採集や農耕に焦点を当てた民族誌のなかでバスケットと人間活動とのかかわりについて把握することをとおして、バスケットの伝統の維持と変革の社会的意義について考察する。


Session 2 

Material Culture Studies in Dialogue: Mingu Collections and Archaeological Research on Japanese Basketry

Kazuyo NishiharaAdjunct LecturerKyoto University

本発表では、昔から各地で使われてきたかごづくりの知恵が、考古学における出土かごの研究にどのように新しい視点をもたらすのかを紹介する。
 考古学的発掘によりかごが発掘されることは稀少だが、博物館に保管されている民具としてのかごの研究と、現代の製作者への聞き取り調査から、かごづくりに欠かせない素材の選び方や編み方、さらには地域の自然環境との関わりについて、貴重な情報を得ることができる。
 このように、現在も地域に息づく製作技術の知恵を考古学研究に取り入れることで、数千年前、縄文時代のかごづくりについて新たな理解が進んでいる。さらに、その研究成果が地域の伝統技術の再評価や地域の歴史への関心を高めることにもつながっている点についても紹介したい。

In this presentation, I explore how traditional knowledge of basket-making, which has been passed down through generations in various regions of Japan, can provide new perspectives for archaeological studies of excavated baskets.

While archaeological excavations rarely yield well-preserved basketry, research on traditional Mingu baskets in museum collections and interviews with contemporary basket makers provide valuable insights into essential aspects of basket-making: material selection, weaving techniques, and their relationship with the local environment.

By incorporating this living technical knowledge into archaeological research, we have gained new understanding of basket-making from the Jomon period. Additionally, this research has contributed to the reevaluation of regional traditional techniques and increased interest in local history.

Title

Yuki Morishima, Associate Curator, Asian Art Museum of San Francisco

Abstract Pending

Title

Louise Cort, Curator Emerita, National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution

Abstract Pending